State College Bird Club Zoom Meeting
April 28, 2021


Presiding: Doug Wentzel

Recording: Peggy Wagoner Saporito

Attendance: 47

Treasurer’s report (Jean Miller): Spent $50 on last month’s presenter and deposited $425 in dues.

SCBC Field Trips (socially distanced and masks required)

Wednesday May 5:  9AM – 10:30AM
Penn State Campus birding with Joe Gyekis

Wednesday May 19: 7:30AM-9:30AM
Search for Cerulean Warblers on the Lower Trail with Nick Bolgiano

All field trips are open to members and non-members. For more details, see website; https://www.scbirdcl.org/

Additional Activities:

Migration Morning Bird Walks at Shaver’s Creek Environmental Center, modified for Covid19, will take place on Wednesdays, 7:00-8:30AM; May 5 and May 12. More information available at
https://www.shaverscreek.org/public-programs-and-events/migration-morning-bird-walks-5/

Shaver’s Creek Birding Cup: 7:00PM Friday April 30 -7:00PM Saturday May 1. Teams compete to record as many bird species as possible within this 24 hour period (for more details: https://www.shaverscreek.org/public-programs-and-events/birding-cup/). This year funds will go towards the Lost Bird Project.

Global Big Day: May 8. This is another event to record birds in our area on ebird. Last year 130 species were sighted in Centre and 132 in Huntingdon counties.

Bird Club Elections:

By a unanimous voice vote, five candidates were elected:
•    President – Doug Wentzel (returning)
•    VP of Programs: Joe Gyekis (returning)
•    Secretary: Peggy Wagoner Saporito (returning)
•    2 Board members: Susan Braun and Nick Bolgiano

Thanks to the nominating committee, Jon Kauffman (chair), Larry Miles and Roana Fuller.

Announcements

Old Crow Wetland update: Greg Grove discussed the proposed Rutters store and fueling station for vehicles, including 18 wheelers, immediately uphill from this wetland in Smithfield township, Huntingdon Co. Upon Greg’s urging, at least a dozen emails were sent to the supervisors to discourage the proposed construction or at least consider mitigation efforts to protect this environmentally sensitive area. Greg also encouraged anyone who is able to attend the supervisors meeting on Thursday, April 29 to voice concerns about the proposal.

PSU Campus Window Strike research:  Joe Gyekis discussed work he and Margaret Brittingham are conducting to evaluate bird deaths and injuries caused by window collisions. A Penn State student, Chyvonne Jessick, is coordinating the daily morning monitoring. So far 174 birds of 63 species have been found. She is looking for volunteers who live in State College who are interested in helping by walking a 1 ½ hour route around campus. Intensive monitoring is needed during the May migration. If you are interested in helping Chyvonne, contact Joe.

Because of Covid 19, we will not have the typical May picnic again this year, but Roana Fuller has volunteered to organize the May Bird Club Zoom meeting at which whoever wishes can share up to 5 photos with the group, similar to last year’s meeting. Submissions can be sent to Roana by May 12.

Tussey Mountain Hawk Watch  wrapped up on Sunday April 25. Sean McLaughlin, our official counter, gave us a nice overview of the birds seen over the last 2 months. Highlights included a good number of Golden Eagles, 189, the highest count in 5 years and a new high count for this site of spring migrating Bald Eagles, 104. Thanks to Nick Bolgiano and Jon Kauffman for coordinating the hawk watch and to Sean for his dedication and daily reports from the mountain.

Interesting Bird Sightings: Greg Grove’s Summary
(March 24- April 28, 2021; Centre and its contiguous counties)

As can happen in spring migration season, there have been some rarities and oddities in the area. Included among them was the King Rail in a back yard in State College for a few days in mid April, the 4th record of one in Centre Co. Another rarity, a Marbled Godwit was sighted today at Bald Eagle State Park, similar to last year’s sighting of one on April 30. All 4 species of Terns have been recorded already at BESP, which is early for some of these species. The first Neotropical Cormorant ever recorded in the state was seen near Williamsport. At BESP there was an American White Pelican and a Marsh Wren was seen at Old Crow Wetland.

Winter finch sightings are winding down as the season progresses. A few Evening Grosbeaks are still being seen here and there. The last Redpolls were reported in early April. Purple finches and Pine Siskins are still around as are the Red Crossbills in Scotia. Warblers are definitely moving into the area with 23 species having been reported in the area to date. Hummingbirds are starting to be reported today.

Speaker: Nick Bolgiano: “The Linkage of Evening Grosbeaks, Purple Finches, Sharp-shinned Hawks, and Other Bird Species to Spruce Budworm Infestations in the Boreal Forest”
This zoom presentation can be viewed at:
https://psu.zoom.us/rec/share/ts-Wud_xm8TR3fCsNbAfl2FyMN4WbUdfwpYtoOHeSbRePwgyAkfJ5h4r_7C6wUq2.uC8Nvg2lJw_2KECA

Our SCBC Board member and avian data expert, Nick Bolgiano, presented findings from his analysis and distillation of a massive amount of data from Christmas Bird Counts (CBC), Breeding Bird Surveys (BBS) and hawk migration counts for a variety of species impacted in various ways by spruce budworm infestations in eastern Canada. Nick’s summary is as follows:

“During recent fall and spring migrations, increasingly more of the spruce budworm warblers, Tennessee, Cape May, and Bay-breasted, have been seen in Pennsylvania and elsewhere. During the winter of 2020-2021, irruptions of winter finches were observed, including Evening Grosbeak and Purple Finch. These two finches can be thought of as “spruce budworm finches”, as their numbers multiply during large budworm outbreaks. Such an outbreak started in 2006 along the St. Lawrence R. in Québec and continues today, which is why the research presented remains relevant.

Nick presented Christmas Bird Count data from the last 80 years, showing how Evening Grosbeak and Purple Finch numbers were linked to the 1968-1986 spruce budworm infestation that occurred from Lake Superior to Newfoundland and affected up to 55 million hectares of boreal forest at its peak in 1975. This was the largest budworm infestation in eastern Canada for which there are sufficient data. Repeated defoliations will kill a tree and about half of the defoliated trees died during the 1968-1986 infestation. Evening Grosbeaks and Purple Finches feed budworm larvae to their chicks and their numbers significantly increased as the infestation expanded and eventually declined dramatically after the infestation ended. These two species can probably be thought of as opportunistic budworm specialists, akin to the budworm warblers.

When the 1968-1986 budworm infestation collapsed, irruptions of Boreal Chickadee, Black-capped Chickadee, Pine Grosbeak to northeastern states were dramatically reduced, and irruptions of Red Crossbill and White-winged Crossbill were fewer in frequency. This was thought to have occurred because of the vast loss of boreal forest trees, the effect upon boreal seed ecology, and on bird populations themselves. Red-breasted Nuthatch, Common Redpoll, and Pine Siskin were unaffected.

Breeding Bird Survey data from eastern Québec showed that numbers of the three budworm warblers, Blackpoll Warbler, Evening Grosbeak, and Purple Finch rose and fell with the 1968-1986 budworm infestation. As trees died, the numbers of Olive-sided Flycatcher, Black-backed Woodpecker, Slate-colored Junco, and Fox Sparrow rose and fell as expected with plant succession.

Sharp-shinned Hawk counts at Hawk Mountain, Waggoner’s Gap, Cape May, and Kiptopeke lagged 1-2 years behind the increases in budworm-affected songbirds. While increased numbers of wintering Sharp-shinned Hawks were observed in southeastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and the Chesapeake region, this was thought to be caused by migratory short-stopping, with the budworm infestation being the main driver of population numbers.

Finally, it was noted that Pennsylvania increases in a mixed-forest assemblage of vireos and warblers coincided with similar increases in the boreal forest after the budworm collapse and it was speculated that these increases could be part of common regional dynamics.”